Философия хозяйства

The world as an economy" - a philosophical work S.N. Bulgakov. It was first published in 1912 in Moscow by the Put' publishing house and defended in the same year as a doctoral dissertation in philosophy. In 1913 it was translated into German, and in 1930 into Japanese. The work was published twice in facsimile edition - in Great Britain (1971) and in the USA (1982). Reissues are best known in Russia: in the Sociological Heritage series (M., 1990), and as an appendix to the journal Voprosy Philosophy (Sobr. soch., vol. 1. M., 1993). As conceived by Bulgakov, the book was supposed to have the subtitle "Study of the religious and metaphysical foundations of the economic process" and serve as the 1st part of the philosophical system, which includes not only metaphysics, but also the eschatology of the economy, however, the 2nd part of the book - "Justification of the economy, ethics and eschatology”, announced as being prepared for publication by the publishing house “Put”, was not published.

Two directions of building the conceived system are the relationship of God and the world as things transcendent to each other, and an attempt to justify life in the world, which takes Bulgakov's form of economy. The key concepts of the book are the concepts of life and death as the primary antinomy of existence. The form of overcoming non-existence in being is the economy - “it expresses the desire to turn dead matter ... into a living body” (Philosophy of Economics. M., 1990, p. 39). The essence of the world process lies in the cosmogonic battle between Meon and Being, and this is precisely the process of growth, becoming; but even meonal non-existence bears in itself the beginnings of life, gravitates toward organicity. A person, transforming the world, actually carries in himself a program, a project of future transformations. The transcendental subject of the economy for Bulgakov is Sophia - humanity in its metaphysical connection, understood "not only in the empirical or statistical, but also in the dynamic sense, as power, as energy" (ibid., p. 95). Individuals “are copies or instances, their kind is an idea that eternally exists in the Divine Sophia, an ideal model for reproduction” (ibid., p. 104). On the whole, the "Philosophy of Economics" is an attempt to create an economic-Christian metaphysics, an attempt to combine the economic perception of the world and the religious worldview in a single system. Bulgakov's book “Non-Evening Light”.

A.I. Reznichenko