Основы общей экологии

In accordance with the standards of higher education, students of all specialties in the block of general cultural disciplines should study ecology. This textbook aims to assist in solving this very urgent problem of environmental education. In it, in an accessible form, with the maximum possible preservation of the scientific level, the main issues of modern ecology are considered. The textbook is the result of summarizing the experience of the author's long scientific work in the field of ecology and teaching this discipline to students of all specialties (faculties) of the Moscow State Open Pedagogical University. The first part of the textbook offered to the reader is devoted to the most significant issues of general or classical ecology, which considers the main patterns of functioning of natural systems of various ranks (from the biosphere to elementary ecosystems and populations), their stability, energy, productivity, role in the preservation of life and other properties. The second part (published in 1999) highlights the problems of social, applied and other sections of ecology related to human activities. In addition to being used by students and teachers, it will be useful for students of advanced training universities, high school students, as well as all those interested in environmental issues and environmental education.