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The book publishes, perhaps, the most fundamental work of the twentieth century. on the history of Kazakh customary law of the 18th - the first half of the 19th century, considering the state and law at the highest stage of development of nomadic civilization - doctoral dissertation of the famous Soviet legal scholar S. L. Fuchs (1900-1976), defended in 1948 and then classified . The paper analyzes questions about the sources and main features and features of customary law and the state of the nomadic society in Kazakhstan on the eve and in the early period of joining Russia, the main legal institutions, the court and the trial. The right of ownership, issues of crime and punishment in the customary law of the Kazakhs, the evolution of law and the state of nomadic civilization are considered in detail. The study is based on numerous literary (domestic and foreign) and archival, including comparative legal, materials. For the first time a part of the dissertation was published in Kazakhstan by SZ Zimanov in 1981 in a book that has long become a bibliographic rarity. This complete scientific edition of Fuchs's work (about 1200 pages) is equipped with a scientific apparatus, contains an article-preface, an introductory article about the life and work of the scientist, his selected bibliography, and detailed comments. For students, undergraduates and teachers of law and history universities, for all those interested in the history of state and law.