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This book describes the history of iron and steel production from ancient times to the present day. The outstanding role of Russian metallurgists in the production of cast iron and steel in the 13th-19th centuries is shown. ad. It has been established that until the end of the 19th century, damask steel was the best carbon steel; however, the ancient blacksmiths hid the secret of preparing damask steel so deeply that, in the end, it was completely lost. The book examines in detail the works devoted to revealing the secrets of damask steel, and it is proven that only in Russia, starting with P.P. Anosov, did metallurgists understand what cast damask steel is and its best grade - Indian wootz. At the beginning of the 19th century, P.P. Anosov managed to obtain cast damask steel and reveal the secret of its manufacture, but by the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. the secrets of damask steel production were lost again. The author analyzed the works of outstanding Russian metallurgists on the secrets of damask steel production, and with their help developed a technology for the production of cast damask steel in modern steel-smelting units. Based on studies of samples of Indian wootz that have survived to this day, the secret of its production has been revealed. It is convincingly shown that damask steel is the world's first composite material. The book is written in an engaging manner and contains many illustrations. It is intended for a wide range of readers, and will also be useful to students of metallurgical specialties at technical schools and universities.