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Психиатрия и наркология

175449

Кирпиченко А.А.

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More than 20 years have passed since the publication of the first edition of the Psychiatry textbook, during which significant changes have taken place in this area. The need for social and legal regulation and guarantee of the rights of citizens in the provision of psychiatric care was determined. Taking into account modern legislative and instructive documents, the exactingness to the moral and ethical standards of the professional activity of a psychiatrist has increased, which was the basis for the formation of the Code of Professional Ethics of the Psychiatrist of the Republic of Belarus. The principles of observance of medical deontology for doctors of all specialties remained unshakable. These requirements for the activities of a doctor (and a psychiatrist in particular) formed the basis of the first section of the textbook. Modern requirements for clinical psychiatry are to create reliable and standardized criteria for the assessment of psychopathological disorders that could be compared and comparable internationally. In this regard, one should learn to translate the descriptive, qualitative characteristics of psychopathology into a formalized clinical language. The book contains control tasks that include a description of various signs of mental pathology - from symptoms and syndromes to various types of mental disorders. At the end of each control task, general questions are given, to which it is necessary to select relevant answers from the entire array of the task and formulate them using psychiatric terminology. In addition, tasks taken from real diaries, letters, statements of patients that require content-analytical work are described. The essence of content analysis (content - content) is to study the content of the text, highlighting in it the clinical manifestations of impaired cognitive processes and their qualification, which creates the possibility of forming the ability to compare, combine, generalize the analyzed facts. One part reflects a perceptual disorder, the other a thinking disorder, and each task contains a number of diagnostic features. Using examples of specific clinical case histories, the following section provides descriptions of diseases that are most common in a psychiatric clinic. This part includes 24 tasks, for each of which, based on the description of the disease, it is required to determine: 1) the leading syndrome; 2) detailed clinical diagnosis; 3) similar nosological forms from which the diagnosed disease should be distinguished; 4) treatment; 5) prognosis in relation to life, working capacity, recovery and outcome of the disease. In addition, there is a list of basic practical skills with a brief description of them, divided by their levels of complexity. Due to the high risk of mentally ill people committing suicide (suicidal acts), the textbook includes a diagnostic questionnaire (Hamilton scale) for assessing depression, which allows you to quantify the severity of depression and identify suicidal intentions. To gain skills in diagnosing alcohol problems and substance dependence associated with drug use, the Short Screening Questionnaire (SQA) to determine the presence of alcohol dependence and the extended Michigan Alcohol Screening Test are provided. The section on private psychiatry provides a description of mental disorders in a comparable way according to ICD-9 and ICD-10. The clinical manifestations of mental disorders are so natural that a psychiatric diagnosis, according to AB Snezhnevsky, can be compared with mathematical logic. In the process of diagnosis, a psychiatrist requires deep and comprehensive knowledge, logical thinking and professional experience. Knowledge of the semiotics of psychopathological disorders (symptoms, syndromes), their clinical designation and meaningful description allows one to translate the thoughts, feelings, statements, behavior of patients into the language of standardized professional terms and concepts. Logical thinking allows you to establish internal connections and dependencies between individual psychopathological manifestations, to regard them as a whole. Logical thinking makes it possible to combine symptoms into syndromes; according to the degree of their clinical significance, distinguish obligate (main) and facultative (additional) ones, thereby forming the structure of the syndrome. A logical understanding of the course of the disease, in which quite definite dynamic changes in psychopathological disorders occur, is a condition for establishing the severity of the process and predicting its further development. The professional experience of a psychiatrist is formed not only in the course of practical activities, but also in the study of other doctors' descriptions of clinical observations, both typical and atypical, or rare cases of mental disorders. The knowledge gained by the student can be objectively assessed on the test questions of the book, the answers to which provide for a variety of options for inductive-deductive reasoning. The appendices contain the correct answers for all test tasks for self-examination.

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Publication date 2005
Bookbinding Hardcover

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