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Сталинские небоскребы. От Дворца Советов к высотным зданиям

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Александр Васькин, Юлия Назаренко

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Stalinist architecture and its embodiment in Moscow's high-rise buildings is the subject of a new book by Alexander Vaskin, winner of the Gorky Literary Prize. The author of modern photographs is Yulia Nazarenko. Stalin's influence on the development of Soviet architecture became especially noticeable in the early 1930s, during the period of active struggle against formalist constructivists (Melnikov, Leonidov, and others). In 1932, when the Union of Soviet Architects was created, all Soviet architects were ordered to create only in the style of "socialist realism". A similar development of events was also characteristic of other types of art - music, painting, literature.
Representatives of the old academic school (Shchusev, Zholtovsky) actively supported the Stalinist architectural policy, based incl. and on the destruction of monuments of Russian architecture. Young cadres also came forward (Alabyan, Dushkin, Chechulin, etc.).
Socialist realism in architecture was based on the "development of the classical heritage" of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. A vivid example of "development" is the competition for the design of the Palace of Soviets, a giant Stalinist skyscraper. For the construction of the palace, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior on Volkhonka was demolished (it was Stalin who insisted on the demolition of the temple, although the architects chose a different place for construction). In the book, the question is considered from a somewhat unexpected angle: what is in common between the Palace of Soviets in Moscow and the Domed Palace in Berlin? How did Hitler react when he learned about the construction of the Palace of Soviets in the Bolshevik capital?
And after 1945, a sharp turn took place in Soviet architecture - to "use the traditions of Russian national architecture", which resulted in the construction of eight Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow (one of them was never completed). According to the plan of the leader, over time, the construction of high-rise buildings was to turn into an industry that produces skyscrapers for large cities of the Soviet Union.
The book covers a variety of aspects of the topic: details of the creation of projects for the Palace of Soviets and Stalin's skyscrapers, biographies of architects, why some of them received Stalin Prizes of the first degree, while others received only the second, the exorbitant cost of construction, the removal of the architect Iofan from work on project of Moscow State University, the emptiness of high-rise spiers, the projected slope of the high-rise building at the Red Gate, the participation of convicts in construction, and much more... high-rise workers, dispersed the Academy of Architecture, took away the Stalin Prize from the architect Polyakov and called for an end to the architecture of "wedding cakes". And instead of skyscrapers, entire blocks of faceless and gray "Khrushchev" buildings appeared in Moscow...

Data sheet

ISBN 978-5-9973-0300-6
Publisher Спутник +
Format 170x240 мм (средний формат)
Publication date 2009
Number of Pages 236
Bookbinding твердый

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ISIA Media Verlag UG (L)

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